Risk assessment of public-private partnership projects for electric vehicle charging through an extended MCDM method with interval-type 2 fuzzy sets

Dorfeshan, Yahya; Abdzadeh, Behnam

doi:10.22070/jqepo.2026.21715.1326

Risk assessment of public-private partnership projects for electric vehicle charging through an extended MCDM method with interval-type 2 fuzzy sets

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Yahya Dorfeshan

Behnam Abdzadeh

Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

10.22070/jqepo.2026.21715.1326

Abstract

Because of the great attention to clean energy in the world, projects of electric vehicles (EVs) have greatly increased all around the world. The lack of charging infrastructure in developing countries has become a major problem. In this situation, the government uses the private sector to improve the charging infrastructure. Assessing the risk factors (RFs) in this condition is inevitable. In this paper, the important RFs are detected. Moreover, the weight of important RFs is identified through an extended version of the BWM approach. Furthermore, the overall risk levels of public-private partnership charging projects (PPPPs) are specified by using an integrated ELECTRE-VIKOR approach. To tackle the uncertainty of risk identification, weighting, and ranking in practical situations, interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are implemented. IT2FSs provide more space for experts to cope with the uncertainty. The extended weighting and ranking methods are developed under the IT2FSs. Finally, an example in the field of EV charging projects (EVCPs) is provided. The proposed framework was further validated through a comparative analysis with fuzzy VIKOR, fuzzy ELECTRE, and BWM–TOPSIS, with the results demonstrating high consistency across methods and supporting the credibility of the proposed approach.

Keywords

Electric vehicle charging projects

Public-privte partnership (PPP)

Risk assessment

IT2FSs