Journal of Quality Engineering and Production Optimization

Journal of Quality Engineering and Production Optimization

Risk assessment of public-private partnership projects for electric vehicle charging through an extended MCDM method with interval-type 2 fuzzy sets

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Yahya Dorfeshan
Behnam Abdzadeh
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
10.22070/jqepo.2026.21715.1326
Abstract
Because of the great attention to clean energy in the world, projects of electric vehicles (EVs) have greatly increased all around the world. The lack of charging infrastructure in developing countries has become a major problem. In this situation, the government uses the private sector to improve the charging infrastructure. Assessing the risk factors (RFs) in this condition is inevitable. In this paper, the important RFs are detected. Moreover, the weight of important RFs is identified through an extended version of the BWM approach. Furthermore, the overall risk levels of public-private partnership charging projects (PPPPs) are specified by using an integrated ELECTRE-VIKOR approach. To tackle the uncertainty of risk identification, weighting, and ranking in practical situations, interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are implemented. IT2FSs provide more space for experts to cope with the uncertainty. The extended weighting and ranking methods are developed under the IT2FSs. Finally, an example in the field of EV charging projects (EVCPs) is provided. The proposed framework was further validated through a comparative analysis with fuzzy VIKOR, fuzzy ELECTRE, and BWM–TOPSIS, with the results demonstrating high consistency across methods and supporting the credibility of the proposed approach.
Keywords
Electric vehicle charging projects
Public-privte partnership (PPP)
Risk assessment
IT2FSs
Journal of Quality Engineering and Production Optimization

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 04 August 2026